Chapter 3: Transmission Of Pathogens

Sources of Bloodborne Pathogens

The most prevalent bloodborne pathogens, including Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are primarily found in blood but can also exist in other bodily fluids like saliva and genital secretions.

They are typically transmitted through:

Direct Contact: Contact with infected blood or bodily fluids through cuts, abrasions, or mucous membranes.

Indirect Contact: Touching surfaces or objects contaminated with infected blood or fluids.

Puncture Injuries: Accidental needle sticks or sharps injuries with contaminated objects.

Sexual Contact: Through sexual activities involving the exchange of bodily fluids.

From Mother to Child: Transmission from an infected mother to her child during childbirth or breastfeeding.